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1.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 31(1): 248-258, jan./fev. 2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-963854

ABSTRACT

Nas últimas décadas, a qualidade da água do Rio do Peixe, localizado no interior do Estado de São Paulo, está diminuindo, principalmente porque o rio vem sofrendo com o desmatamento feito às suas margens, o que provocou o assoreamento e permitiu o despejo de todos os tipos de resíduos, em especial das indústrias que ficam ao seu redor. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial citotóxico das águas do Rio do Peixe, coletadas em quatro propriedades rurais localizadas em Garça­SP (nascente), Tupã-SP, Flórida Paulista-SP e Ouro Verde-SP (jusante), usando como sistema teste vegetal as células meristemáticas de raiz de Allium cepa L. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que todas as amostras das águas coletadas não apresentaram efeito citotóxico após 24 horas de tratamento. Entretanto, as amostras obtidas em Tupã, Flórida Paulista e Ouro Verde (jusante) foram mutagênicas, pois causaram o aparecimento de alterações nas células, principalmente, dos tipos metáfases-colchicínicas, anáfases desorganizadas, multipolares e com ponte cromatídica, além de células micronucleadas. Portanto, os resultados obtidos alertam para o perigo eminente que os efluentes lançados indiscriminadamente no ambiente, de rios e lagos, podem representar não só aos organismos que ali habitam, mas a todos os outros que dele dependem, seja para lazer, limpeza, higiene ou alimentação.


(Cytotoxicity of waters of the River Peixe (São Paulo-Brazil), in meristematic root cells of Allium cepa L.) In recent decades, the water quality of the River Peixe, located within the State of São Paulo, has been decreasing, mainly because the river has suffered from deforestation made to its banks, causing silting and allowed the dumping of all types of waste, especially in industries that are around you. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of the waters of the River Peixe, collected at four farms located in Garça-SP (source), Tupã-SP, Flórida Paulista-SP and Ouro Verde-SP (downstream), using as a system test plant root meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. The results showed that all water samples collected was no cytotoxic effect after 24 hours of treatment. However, samples taken in Tupã, Flórida Paulista and Ouro Verde (downstream) were mutagenic, because it caused the appearance of changes in cells, mainly types of colchicine-metaphase, disorganized anaphase, multipolar and with chromatid bridge, addition of micronucleated cells. Therefore, the results warn of imminent danger that the effluents discharged indiscriminately into the environment may represent not only the organisms that live there, but for all others who depend on it, whether for leisure, cleaning, hygiene or food.


Subject(s)
Environmental Monitoring , Chromosome Aberrations , Onions , Cytotoxins , Rivers , Ecotoxicology
2.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 33(1): 71-77, Jan.- Mar. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-875561

ABSTRACT

The increase in consumption of water, the destruction of riparian forests and the pollution caused by humans, have severely degraded several water resources. Numerous stream crisscross the city of Maringá, Paraná state, Brazil and most of their sources are scattered through the urban region. Current analysis assesses the cytotoxic potential of water from the Corregozinho, Isalto, Morangueira and Ozório streams, located within the high-populated northeastern region of Maringá, inside the urban perimeter. Root meristematic cells of Allium cepa were used as test-system. The roots of onion were prepared by Feulgen's reaction and stained with Schiff's reagent. Results showed that there were no statistically significant changes evaluated by the chi-square test on the rates of cell division in cells of Allium cepa roots treated with the water of the streams when compared to data from controls. However, further analyses should be undertaken at different times for a periodic assessment of conditions in the streams, coupled with an awareness of the population on the environment.


O aumento do consumo da água, a devastação das matas ciliares e a poluição causada pela espécie humana, fizeram com que muitos recursos hídricos fossem drasticamente degradados. A cidade de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil possui inúmeros córregos que a cortam, sendo que as nascentes da maioria deles estão espalhadas pela região urbana. Assim, este trabalho objetivou avaliar o potencial citotóxico das águas dos córregos, Corregozinho, Isalto, Morangueira e Ozório, localizados na região nordeste de Maringá, no perímetro urbano, local de grande concentração da população urbana. Foram utilizadas como sistema-teste as células meristemáticas de raiz de Allium cepa. As raízes de cebola foram preparadas pela reação de Feulgen e coradas com o reativo de Schiff. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que não houve alterações, estatisticamente significativas, pelo teste do qui-quadrado, nos índices de divisão celular nas células das raízes de Allium cepa tratadas com as águas dos córregos, em relação aos dados obtidos para os controles. Entretanto, convém que outras análises, em diferentes épocas, sejam realizadas, para uma avaliação periódica das condições apresentadas por estes córregos, e aliado a estes resultados, conscientizar a população em relação aos danos provocados ao meio ambiente e a necessidade de conservação do mesmo.


Subject(s)
Water Pollutants , Mutagenesis , Onions , Environmental Change
3.
Rev. biol. trop ; 52(3): 585-590, sept. 2004.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-501722

ABSTRACT

The field of environmental mutagenesis or toxicology genetics aims to study the genetic damage that leads to mutations produced by physical, chemical and biological agents, to identify these agents and analyze their interactions and ways of action. There are enough experimental and epidemiological evidences implicating mutations in oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and DNA repair genes as determinants in the onset and progression of the neoplastic process. A valuable tool in public and occupational health is the monitoring of populations exposed to potentially hazardous agents. The objective is to protect the health and quality of life of high risk groups on account of the nature of the agents of exposure. Monitoring of genotoxic effects in exposed populations as well as the analysis of susceptibility polymorphism are visualized as key tools in the realm of future public and occupational health in order to prevent the occurrence of environmental and specially occupational origin of tumors. This paper reviews the main concepts concerning this issue and refers to studies on the subject in Costa Rica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinogens, Environmental/toxicity , Environmental Exposure , Biomarkers/metabolism , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Neoplasms/prevention & control , Maximum Allowable Concentration , Costa Rica , Time Factors , Risk Assessment
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